The back is the part of the body between the waist and the lower part of the neck. Back pain accompany many diseases. And so often, that the number of resources in the health institutions take the second place after respiratory diseases.
Common Causes of pain
What to do when back pain? Of course, consult a doctor. Treatment back to neurologists, orthopedists, General practitioners, chiropractic doctors. They found the true cause of the disease, prescribe a course of treatment. The cause of the pain may be:
- osteochondrosis;
- spondiloarthrosis;
- ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease);
- lumbago;
- neuralgia intercostal;
- pregnancy;
- congenital and acquired curvature of the spine – scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis;
- professional factors;
- long-term exercise with a back muscle strain;
- tumor metastasis in the spine;
- the pain returns in some diseases of internal organs.
The main diseases that cause back pain, which can be combined in several groups: degenerative, inflammatory, myofascial, rare disease. Separate consideration of pregnancy as a condition physiological of the body.
Degenerative diseases of the spine
Osteochondrosis and spondiloarthrosis is a disease frequent, accompanied by pain in the back. The reason lies in the pathological changes in various structures of the spine. Differences and similarities between the two diseases as follows:
| The name of the disease | The pain caused | Reasons |
| Osteochondrosis | Defeat of the cartilage, intervertebral disks, starting with the nucleus pulposus. The suffering of the body vertebrae adjacent with the formation of osteophytes, disc hernia. | Injuries, falls, physical and static load, age. |
| The face of the spondylosis or arthropathy | Dysfunction of the small (facet) of the vertebrae with the formation of bone growths. The degeneration of the ring of fibrous of the intervertebral discs, ligaments pathology. | Low back pain, injury, exercise, posture and the function of the foot. |
Sciatica, lumbago, neuralgia intercostal, syndrome root are synonyms of the same disease. This is a consequence of degenerative disc disease, complicated by a hernia. Hernia irritate, compress nerve roots, causing tension and spasm of the muscles intercostal. As a result, there is a sharp pain in the lower back that can radiate to the legs. Not cure the disease leading to paresis. The patient feels "pins and needles, numbness, reduced sensitivity of the limb. Leg hard to get up and stretch. Terrible pain when sitting, try to sit down or stretch the leg affected.
If you hurt your back because of degenerative disc disease or spondylarthrosis, it must be seriously difficult to treat. In the initial stages, especially young people, the disease is reversible. Otherwise, it has a chronic course with periods of exacerbations and referring. With time, the frequency of exacerbations will increase, and of pain to grow back.
Inflammatory diseases
Ankylosing spondylosis
He ankylosing spondylitis, chronic severe involvement of the joints of the spine. Has a genetic predisposition. Often affects young healthy men in the prime of life. Sooner or later, the disease leads to the disability. Spondylosis begins with the changes in the discs. As the disease progresses the vertebrae, which are firmly linked to each other by connective tissue to a fixed structure (a bamboo pole). The spine is fully transferred to the steady state.
If you receive stiffness, dull pain back, you lose the flexibility of the spine, seek medical attention immediately. The development of the disease it is still possible to suspend and extend the time of physical activity.
Disease Kümmel-Verneuil
As ankylosing spondylitis belongs to a group of nonspecific spondylosis. Only occurs after an injury. The tragedy of the disease is that a traumatic pain will soon pass. The disease is "invisible" for an indefinite amount of time. The injured man considers himself completely healthy. The disease suddenly manifested necrotic changes of the vertebrae, fractures, frequent relapses, a terrible pain.
Spondylitis
Specific and nonspecific inflammation of the spine, caused by different reasons. Specific spondylitis caused by:
- tuberculosis of the vertebrae (band pott disease);
- syphilis;
- gonorrhea;
- brucellosis;
- intestinal, bruchnotifozna stick.
Diseases are accompanied by the destruction of bodies vertebral with a strong persistent pain in the back, a deformity of the spine.
Myofascial pain
The name suggests that the disease affects the muscles and fascia of the back. Excess of muscular tension, injuries, posture, osteochondrosis in fascia and the muscles are trained to the trigger points. It is a painful situation where education in the form of lumps or threads. When pressed on the point and massage have severe pain.
Trigger zones are active and passive. Active areas are places of increased sensitivity and excitability of the muscles of the fascia. Sharply reacting to the slightest movement of the muscles. In passive areas the pain only appears after pressing.
Internal medicine
Pneumonia, pleurisy cause back pain. Cardiac pain may radiate below the shoulder blade. The kidney disease accompanied by prolonged pain in the lower back, lower back. But for somatic diseases, in addition to pain, in the first place are the other symptoms. For example, in pneumonia, pleurisy, cough, fever, dyspnea, etc.
Physiological pain
Pregnancy is a physiological state of women, with frequent back pains. In the period of carrying a child the woman's body down to radical hormonal changes. Increases the load on all the organs of the system, including the spine. Changing emotional state of the pregnant woman.
Lower back pain in early pregnancy occur when the risk of miscarriage. It is insistent, pain, sometimes cramps. Pain in the later stages is associated with the increase of the load on the back muscles and the spine. The woman in change of posture, increased lordosis of lumbar is another reason pain pregnant.
With the threat of abortion has a medical emergency. To reduce the load on the spine, with prenatal bandage. In this crucial period it is important for everyone, even at the height of the heel, which should be small.
Other reasons
Tumors
Benign and malignant, metastasis to the spine in the adenoma of the prostate, myeloma cause unbearable terrible pain of the spine and back.
Osteomyelitis of the spine
A rare disease caused by the infection and inflammation of the vertebrae microbes: Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans. Affects different parts of the spine. Often develops in men after 40-50 years. The disease is acute pain in the Department affected, a high fever, intoxication.
The Disease of Paget
Or osteodystrophy, occurs when the violation of the synthesis and the restoration of bone tissue. Appears in the background of the autoimmune diseases, ankylosing spondylosis, fracture. It is characterized by the fragility, and increasing fragility of the bones of the spine.
Diagnosis
If the back pain, it is necessary to fully screened. First, the doctor carefully examines the patient. In addition the diagnosis is based on clinical and instrumental indicators.
During the inspection it turns out that the character of the pain, the location, the time of its appearance at night, when it changes the position of the body during exercise, at rest, etc. it takes into account the presence of comorbidities that may cause back pain, pneumonia, pleurisy, tumors, mental illnesses, back injury. Then, there are other studies:
- biochemical and blood analysis;
- x-ray in two projections;
- The spine CT – computer tomography;
- Magnetic RESONANCE imaging of the spine – magnetic resonance imaging;
- bone scan – obtaining 2-dimensional images after administration of isotopes radioactive and other types of surveys.
Better painful that the doctor knows what kind of diagnosis. Sometimes to find the cause of the disease, enough x-ray. Sometimes, resorting to other, more informative types of tests.
Treatment
Depending on the type of disease and its severity, select the desired method of treatment conservative or surgical. Patients with acute pain and severe course of the disease to be treated in the hospital, other outpatient. The surgery are very rare. Preferably, conservative treatment that affect the underlying condition. When the pain shows:
- non-steroidal drugs;
- synthetic hormones adrenal;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors;
- synovial dentures.
Sharp pain shoot novocain blockades, injections of hydrocortisone, analgesics. Outside the aggravation shown ointments, massage, therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy, chiropractic and reflexology. Good idea to stay in the complex. Temporarily relieve the patient's spine, are of a special locking corsets.
The pain is not only a source of discomfort. In the initial period of the disease it acts as a protective response, it suggests that the body is bad, and we must take action.